How to remember Carpal bones !!

"She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her":

· Proximal row then distal row, both lateral-to-medial:

• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetrium
• Pisiform
• Trapezium
• Trapezoid
• Capate
• Hamate

· Alternatively: "She Likes To Play; Try To Catch Her".

Note :The scaphoid bone is a small carpal bone on the thumb side (radial side) of the wrist. It is the most commonly fractured carpal bone.

This is probably because it actually crosses two rows of carpal bones, forming a hinge.

B.R. of BrachioRadialis ;Medical mnemonic

BrachioRadialis:

Function: Its the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer.
Innervation: Breaks Rule: it's a flexor muscle, But Radial. (Radial nerve usually is for extensors: Recall BEST rule: B was for brachioradialis).
Important relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa.
Attachment: Attaches to Bottom of Radius.

Mnemonic for Causes of pancytopenia

Cytopenia is a reduction in the number of each type of peripheral blood cell. A reduction in all 3 types of cellular components in peripheral blood is termed pancytopenia and this involves anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

"All my blood has taken some poison"

• Aplastic anemias
• Megaloblastic anemias
• Bone marrow infiltration
• Hypersplenism
• TB
• SLE
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Initially, mild impairment in marrow function is inapparent and pancytopenia may become apparent only during times of stress or increased demand (e.g., bleeding or infection). More
severe degrees of cytopenias affect the peripheral blood count even in the steady state.

Severe pancytopenia is defined as follows :
i)Absolute neutrophil count < 500/mm3
ii)Platelet count < 20,000/mm3
iii) Corrected reticulocyte count < 1%

The peripheral smear shows pancytopenia with circulating blasts "High power"

Mnemonic for Malignant hyperthermia treatment

Malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperpyrexia is a rare life-threatening condition that is usually triggered by exposure to certain drugs used for general anesthesia in the operating room or also occur within the first few hours of recovery from anesthesia; specifically, the volatile anesthetic agents and the neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine.

The syndrome is though to be due to a reduction in the reuptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum necessary for termination of muscle contraction. Consequently, muscle contraction is sustained, resulting in signs of hypermetabolism, including acidosis, tachycardia, hypercarbia, glycolisis, hypoxemia, and heat production (hyperthermia).

Remember

"Some Hot Dude Better Give Iced Fluids Fast!"

(Hot dude = hypothermia):

Stop triggering agents
Hyperventilate/ Hundred percent oxygen
Dantrolene (2.5mg/kg)
Bicarbonate
Glucose and insulin
IV Fluids and cooling blanket
Fluid output monitoring/ Furosemide/ Fast heart [tachycardia]

Good Mnemonics for Thenar and hypothenar muscles

FAO (Flex, Oppose, Abduct)

Thenar:
Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis.


Hypothenar:
Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi.

Action of lateral vs. medial Pterygoid muscle "mnemonic"

Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of 'Lateral' or 'Medial' :

1. -"La": your jaw is now open, so Lateral opens mouth.
2. -"Me": your jaw is still closed, so medial closes the mandible.

medial pterygoid muscle

Origin : deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth
superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity
Insertion : medial angle of the mandible
Actions : elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Origin :  Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate
Insertion : Condyle of mandible
Actions : depresses mandible, Protrude mandible, side to side movement of mandible

The 5 W's of post-operative fever

Wind---pneumonia, atelectasis at 1st 24- 48 hours
Water---urinary tract infection at Anytime after post op day 3
Wound---wound infections at Anytime after post op day 5
Wonderdrugs---especially anesthesia
Walking---walking can help reduce deep vein thromboses and pulmonary embolus usually occures at Day 7-10

See this video :

Complications of Sickle cell disease

Medical mnemonic for the Sickle cell disease complications

SICKLE:

Strokes/ Swelling of hands and feet/ Spleen problems
Infections/ Infarctions
Crises (painful, sequestration, aplastic)/ Cholelithiasis/ Chest syndrome/ Chronic hemolysis/ Cardiac problems
Kidney disease
Liver disease/ Lung problems

 Erection (priapism)/ Eye problems (retinopathy)

The lady between two majors

Bicipital groove: attachments of muscles near it

"The lady between two majors" :

Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.
Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.
Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.

ABCD causes of BUN:creatinine elevation

BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen which measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, in the blood. Urea is formed by the liver and carried by the blood to the kidneys for excretion. Because urea is cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys, a test measuring how much urea nitrogen remains in the blood can be used as a test of renal function. However, there are many factors besides renal disease that can cause BUN alterations, including protein breakdown, hydration status, and liver failure.


values for BUN:
* Adult: 7-20 mg/100 ml; men may have slightly higher values than women
* Pregnancy: values decrease about 25%
* Newborn: values slightly lower than adult ranges
* Elderly: values may be slightly increased due to lack of renal concentration

##BUN:creatinine elevation: causes ABCD:

• Azotremia (pre-renal)


• Bleeding (GI)


• Catabolic status


• Diet (high protein parenteral nutrition)

Causes of poor bilateral breath sounds after intubation

Think about DOPE

Endotracheal intubation: diagnosis of poor bilateral breath sounds after intubation

1. Displaced (usually right mainstem, pyreform fossa, etc.)
2. Obstruction (kinked or bitten tube, mucuous plug, etc.)
3. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
4. Esophagus

People have 3 types of tonsils

"PPL (people) have tonsils":

• Pharyngeal
• Palatine
• Lingual

Popliteal fossa Mnemonic

Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement

The two Semi's go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendonosus.
The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendonosus is also medial.

Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral.
Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendonosus is on Top.

Compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow

Effects of inadequate perfusion on cell function.

Heart compensatory mechanisms that 'save' organ blood flow during shock is collected in "Heart SAVER":

• Symphatoadrenal system activation
• Atrial natriuretic factor release
• Vasopressin release
• Endogenous digitalis-like factor release
• Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation

Beta2 Adrenergic Receptor Mnemonic

Beta2 Adrenergic Autonomic Receptor of the Sympathetic Nervous System presented in a pictorial mnemonic format . Key Point: Beta2 expands. For Medical learning.

Rule of 2 of Diverticulum

Meckel's diverticulum details :

• 2 inches long.


• 2 feet from end of ileum.


• 2 times more common in men.


• 2% occurrence in population.


• 2 types of tissues may be present.

· Note : "di-" means "two", so diverticulum is the thing with all the twos.

Chest radiograph: mnemonics checklist to examine

"Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus She Arouses":

• Patient details
• Film details
• Objects (eg. lines, electrodes)
• Rotation
• Penetration
• Expansion
• Vessels
• Hila
• Costophrenic angles
• Mediastinum
• Cardiothoracic Ratio
• Soft tissues and bones
• Air (diaphragm, pneumothorax, subcut. emphysema)

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents

It is collected in NAVEL:
· From lateral hip towards medial navel:
Nerve (directly behind sheath)
Artery (within sheath)
Vein (within sheath)
Empty space (between vein and lymph)
Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node)
· Nerve/Artery/Vein are all called Femoral.

Mnemonic for Retroperitoneal structures list

This structures are collected in SAD PUCKER:

• Suprarenal glands


• Aorta & IVC


• Duodenum (half)


• Pancreas


• Ureters


• Colon (ascending & descending)


• Kidneys


• Esophagus (anterior & left covered)


• Rectum

Names of B vitamins

"The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious":
· In increasing order:

• Thiamine (B1)
• Riboflavin (B2)
• Niacin (B3)
• Pyridoxine (B6)
• Cobalamin (B12)